As a young guy, one of the most fascinating aspects of World War II to me was the breaking of the Enigma Code.
Codebreaker Alan Turing created the machine at Bletchley Park in 1939 and it truly swung the tide, allowing an English military inferior in every way to best the Nazi war machine time and again. Recently, his papers, including his pioneering work on artificial intelligence and the foundations of the digital computer, were up for auction
but failed to meet the minimum price at Christie's today - 300,000 British pounds.