Renewable energy for climate change mitigation andsustainable development.

Ashwani Kumar

The continued use of fossil fuels willrequire a significant amount of carbon dioxide to be removed by either physicalcapture and storage geologically or in the deep oceans or through biologicalcapture at the source as algae. Renewable energy technologies are being calledupon to reduce the release of carbondioxide into the atmosphere throughdevelopment of a more sustainable energy system, and are expected to play arole in “energizing” the development process for both large and smalldeveloping countries. They are also expected to provide economic and energysecurity for developed and developing countries, and are seen as providing newbusiness opportunities and jobs around the world.  What ever concentration are decided by  policy makers to meet the goal of Article 2of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change to avoid dangerousanthropogenic damage to the climate system renewable energy sources shall play animportant role in it. The different topics cover R&D results,demonstrations, state-of-arts, technologies, equipments and good practices forbest solutions for Bioenergy use.  Biomassenergy Liquid/gas/ Transportation,  solidfuels, Heat (H,M,L),Direct solar energy Cooling Geothermal energy Buildings,Electricity Work (mech) ,Hydro energy Work (elec) ,Industry Ocean energyLighting  ,Wind energy are some of therenewable energy sources being developed globally.

.

1.      Renewable energy sources that rely upon capturing the naturalenergy fluxes of the sun : Biomass and bioenergy, the wind, gravity,photosynthesis and geothermal heat

2.      Bioenergy policy in different countries aroundthe world, and bioenergy promoting programmes and fossil-free examples, securityof energy supply. Legislation, Green values, strategies and market instruments,certificates, feed in tariffs, emission trading.

3.      Biomass Demand, Supply and Employment:Potentials of different biomass resources (forest, agro, by-products, waste)quantities, measurements methods, qualities and properties for feedstock fromforestry, agriculture, peatlands, municipals and processing industry.

4.      Market potential and demands, green energymarkets. Bioenergy markets by sectors, national and areal demonstration andmarkets, implementations of bioenergy business and use, fuel quality assurancesand standards, price competitiveness. Rural employment and entrepreneurbusiness models and practices.

5.      Sustainable Criteria of Bioenergy: Sustainableuse of bioenergy, models, sustainability criteria of biofuels and biomasses,LCA on green house gas reduction, carbon dioxide capture. Technologies andsystems for lowering emissions and nanoparticles, healthy questions, recyclingand ash handling, flue gas cleaning, sustainable development

6.      Fuel Production Technology and Economy:Logisticsand production technologies of biomasses from forest, agriculture andpeatlands. Business models, procurement and transport systems, quality and costhandling, energy efficiency and economy of bioenergy production chains,management and operational tools.

7.      CHP and Power Production: Combined Heat andPower Production (CHP), Nordic NordPool electricity markets, market system andtrade, CO2-emission trading and market visions, co-firing, combustion andboiler systems and technologies, carbon dioxide capture. Technologies andsystems for CHP production, market implementations, Co-combustion with peat.

8.      Individual House Heating Solutions: Smallboilers, firewood and pellet stoves and ovens. Low

8.     Fuel demands and boiler and biofuelcertification (billets, fire wood, pellets, wood chips, biogas, 

bioliquers etc).

9. Solid conversion: Production and properties of pellets,torrefaction and production of biocarbons

10. Chemical Conversion Technologies: Gasification,pyrolysis, biological conversion and liquid fuels production (biodiesel,ethanol, direct/indirect liquefaction)

11. Biogas: Production of biogas from different sources.Upgrading to methane. Use in different sectors.

12. Biofuels for Transport: New innovations, biofuels andgrowing markets, first and second generation biofuels, car technologies,sustainability of biofuels. 

13. Socio-economic aspects of climate change andimplications for sustainable development