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Understanding The Voynich Manuscript #4

Understanding The Voynich Manuscript #4 If not Latin, then what? Please see the links at...

Understanding the Voynich Manuscript #3

Understanding the Voynich Manuscript #3 Plants and the moon. For thousands of years, people...

Understanding the Voynich Manuscript #2

Understanding the Voynich Manuscript #2 An i for an i ? Not nymphs: women! There are...

Understanding The Voynich Manuscript #1

Understanding the Voynich Manuscript #1 Tom, Dick and Harry explain a statistical method. ...

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Patrick LockerbyRSS Feed of this column.

Retired engineer, 73 years young. Computer builder and programmer. Linguist specialising in language acquisition and computational linguistics. Interested in every human endeavour except the scrooge... Read More »

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The Animal That Amplifies Itself


Amplify: to make a thing bigger or more powerful.


The characteristic that most distinguishes humans from our animal cousins is not the use of tools.  Nor is it the use of language.  Many animals use twigs or stones as tools.  Many animals have the ability to communicate alarm, distress, food sources and other matters.

The only thing, I suggest, that clearly separates humans from all other living things is that we are the only species which can amplify its behaviors.  Whatever biological faculty we wish to use we have a machine to amplify that faculty.  We invented machines to enhance our chances of survival.
Lands Of The Midnight Sun


This is a list of dates and latitudes where the sun doesn't set for days on end.

It might be a useful resource for anyone interested in the Arctic or Antarctic.

I've posted it under 'science and society' because these days a lot of people go on vacation to see the midnight sun. 

Tourists + awesome spectacle = science education.  Because society needs it.


3 hour exposure, South Cape Spitzbergen, Björn Diërg
Public domain.


Table of midnight sun start and end dates, duration and latitudes.

dates as month-day
Understanding Climate : #6 - Hypsography




I am trying to explain in this series the most important aspects of the sciences most relevant to climate as a cross-disciplinary study.  My intention is to help my readers to build up a sort of 'mental model' of the most important components of the earth's climate sytems.

The first parts covered mainly astronomical considerations: axial tilt, orbital eccentricity and solar variation, for example.

I now turn to the topic of hypsography.


New readers may wish to start at Understanding Climate : #1 - Components Of Climate.

The Unscientists 2010 Awards - Nominee #2 Richard Lindzen


On April 6 2010 I announced The Unscientists 2010 Awards.

The rules are simple, and mainly require that:

by the use exclusively or mainly, of:

        a) repetition of an already debunked argument, and or,
        b) logical fallacies, and or,
        c) self-aggrandising puerile prosey posturing
Understanding Climate : #5 - Variations In Sunshine




Insolation variation

63 Years Old Solo Balloonist Reaches North Pole


Jean-Louis Etienne has made the first solo balloon voyage to the North Pole, traveling 3,130 kilometers - 1,945 miles - in five days from Norway to the tundra of eastern Siberia.

Jean-Louis Etienne has always liked rising to new challenges, especially when they combine adventure and scientific objectives. Adventures are the stuff that dreams are made of. They reveal a new way of looking at things, especially to young people, and can be a very effective means to convey scientific knowledge that in other forms sometimes falls on unreceptive ears.