Blaming supermarkets seems a little much but academics know better than to blame individuals so telling poor women they shouldn't get flowers would have some backlash - faceless corporations are fair game.
And he isn't fooled by groups claiming to be selling “Fair Trade” roses (nor should you be, about 'fair trade' coffee or anything else) because fair trade does not consider the sustainability of the natural resource behind the product - in this case the one that feeds the flowers, Lake Naivasha.
Harper warned that increased UK supermarket promotions for flowers during Valentine’s Day and then for Mother’s Day without showing concern about where or how environmentally sustainable roses can be grown will just increase the export of water – the scarcest natural resource in Kenya.
“There are just a few good farms but many more that don’t care how much damage they do to the lake. Seventy percent of the roses sold in European supermarkets come from Kenya and the majority of those are from Naivasha, many thus coming without any ecological certification. This has to change for the future of the industry as well as the lake and the country,” said Harper.
“Over the past 20 years, Lake Naivasha has been seriously degraded by over-abstraction of water. The blame has invariably been put onto flower farmers, who use irrigation to grow the roses that adorn the vases in our homes - especially on Valentine's Day and Mother's Day.
“The ecology of the lake has deteriorated due to lack of government enforcement of the laws that regulate water abstraction, prevent over-fishing or stop clearance of wetland vegetation.
“The European supermarket leader on sustainability issues – the Swiss Coop – is now putting money from its profits into a feasibility study for a project, led by me and Dr Caroline Upton, a Social Scientist from the Geography Department and our PhD student, Mr Ed Morrison, which will address key issues of sustainability of the whole lake basin with key local partner organisations. These include the Kenya management agency responsible for water abstraction, local conservation groups with whom we has worked for years and an innovative new NGO, making educational films teaching people, including flower farm workers, about water and sustainability”.
Harper would like to see UK supermarkets following initiatives like the Swiss Coop’s, which he says cares about environmentally sustainable Kenyan roses because they recycle some of their profits to fund sustainability projects at the lake - like feasibility studies led by Harper, which they finance. So his objectivity may be lacking on that one.
“The Kenyan Government, whom I have advised through the Prime Minister's Office, has launched 'Imarisha Naivasha', a campaign to bring all parties together to change damaging behaviours and enforce laws. People who live and work around the lake are showing concern and eagerness to be taught a sustainable way forward. The few farms have led the way with innovations like hydroponics for growing flowers in minimal water and wetland systems for wastewater treatment.
“But what are UK supermarkets doing? I see nothing positive, just plenty of platitudes. The Swiss Coop is the only supermarket to look beyond the farm gate, accepting that there cannot be sustainable roses from a failing lake system, no matter how many with Fair Trade status are grown. The Swiss Coop can see that sustainable roses must come from a sustainable lake ecosystem and not just a well-run farm. It’s a pity that British supermarkets are so short sighted that they cannot see this too.”
Harper called for UK supermarkets to accept more responsibility by promoting sustainable management policies that reach beyond the farms and help to conserve the ecosystem which will allow flowers (and profits) to flourish beside a healthy, restored lake. If the flowers they sell could show a ‘water ecological footprint’ customers might be able to choose more discerningly, as they presently are seeking to do with food miles.
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