We have many great anti-tumor drugs that can do a fantastic job destroying the molecular insides of tumor cells. There is, however, a major catch: tumors have a nasty habit of become drug resistant. Such is the case with the breast cancer chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel. This drug can be effective at stopping breast cancer, but unfortunately many tumors are docetaxel-resistant. 50% of breast cancer patients receiving their initial course of chemotherapy are resistant to docetaxel, and it gets worse for patients who have already had chemotherapy - 70-80% of patients who have already received chemotherapy don't respond to this drug.
Administering docetaxel to resistant patients obviously wastes time that could be spent on other treatments. It also causes needless suffering of side effects. But is there some way to predict in advance who is going to be resistant? Or better yet, is there something we can do to eliminate docetaxel resistance altogether?
A Japanese group from the Japanese National Cancer Research Institute set out to tackle this problem, and their encouraging results have been reported in Nature Medicine. These researchers discovered a gene that makes breast cancer cells resistant to docetaxel, and they used that knowledge to knock out the source of docetaxel resistance. Although this study was largely confined to petri dishes and mice, cancer researchers can now use this result to identify patients who won't respond to docetaxel, and they are ready to test this new therapy target in real human cancers.