The Conversation

The Conversation

The Conversation

The Conversation is an independent source of news and views, funded by the academic and research community and delivered direct to the public. The Conversation launched in Australia in March 2011.
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How Fish Evolved To Walk – And Then Talk

How Fish Evolved To Walk – And Then Talk

When you think about human evolution, there’s a good chance you’re imagining chimpanzees exploring ancient forests or early humans daubing woolly mammoths on to cave walls. But we humans, along with bears, lizards, hummingbirds and Tyrannosaurus rex, are actually lobe-finned fish.

Young Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Puts Vision At Risk

Young Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Puts Vision At Risk

Sixteen-year-old Karl is seen for the first time in my optometry practice. He was referred to me for a fluctuating vision problem. During his examination, I saw signs suggesting he may have diabetes, which could have explained the fluctuating vision. This suspicion became a reality when his family doctor confirmed the diagnosis. Karl’s world was turned upside down.As an optometrist, I invite you to dive into a reality that should concern us all.

Nineveh: When The Capital Of Assyria Was The Most Dazzling City In The World

Nineveh: When The Capital Of Assyria Was The Most Dazzling City In The World

Archaeologists in northern Iraq, working on the Mashki and Adad gate sites in Mosul that were destroyed by Islamic State in 2016, recently uncovered 2,700-year-old Assyrian reliefs. Featuring war scenes and trees, these rock carvings add to the bounty of detailed stone panels excavated from the 1840s onwards, many of which are currently held in the British Museum.

Chocolate: When Money Did Grow On Trees

Chocolate: When Money Did Grow On Trees

Advent calendars with hidden chocolatey treats, huge tins of Quality Street and steaming cups of hot chocolate festooned with whipped cream and marshmallows are all much-loved wintry staples at Christmastime. But how many of us stop to think about where chocolate actually comes from and how it made its way into our culinary culture?The story of chocolate has a compelling, rich history that academics like me are learning more about every day.

‘Peer Community In’ May Accomplish What Open Access Could Not

‘Peer Community In’ May Accomplish What Open Access Could Not

In 2017, three researchers from the National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Denis Bourguet, Benoit Facon and Thomas Guillemaud, founded Peer Community In (PCI), a peer-review-based service for recommending preprints (referring to the version of an article that a scientist submits to a review committee). The service greenlights articles and makes them and their reviews, data, codes and scripts available on an open-access basis. Out of this concept, PCI paved the way for researchers to regain control of their review and publishing system in an effort to increase transparency in the knowledge production chain.

How To Recapture The Historical Spirit Of Christmas

How To Recapture The Historical Spirit Of Christmas

If the media, popular entertainment, and retail habits are taken as indicators then the celebration of Christmas is no longer just the reserve of Christians. This has some consequences for the religious and non-religious alike.In popular culture and the media, Christmas is portrayed as a time of happiness, togetherness, generosity, and peace. In the “made for Christmas” movies, such as those on the popular Hallmark Channel, a “feel good” message is the order of the day.

60% Of Africa Faces Severe Food Insecurity And European Colonialism Is The Root Cause

60% Of Africa Faces Severe Food Insecurity And European Colonialism Is The Root Cause

In the waning hours of the year’s biggest climate change conference – COP27 – we learned of a deal to create a loss and damage fund. This is essentially a source of finance to compensate poor countries for the pain they are incurring because of climate change. An often-cited example of such suffering is the ongoing drought in the Horn of Africa region, which has put some 22 million people at risk of severe hunger.

Cybernetic Augmentation: Ethics Versus Technology

Cybernetic Augmentation: Ethics Versus Technology

Imagine that a soldier has a tiny computer device injected into their bloodstream that can be guided with a magnet to specific regions of their brain. With training, the soldier could then control weapon systems thousands of miles away using their thoughts alone. Embedding a similar type of computer in a soldier’s brain could suppress their fear and anxiety, allowing them to carry out combat missions more efficiently.

Is The Art Community Sexist?

Is The Art Community Sexist?

In the art world, there is a gaping gender imbalance when it comes to male and female artists.In the National Gallery of Australia, only 25% of the Australian art collection is work by women.

Debunked:  U-Shaped Happiness Curve Of Aging

Debunked: U-Shaped Happiness Curve Of Aging

On average, happiness declines as we approach middle age, bottoming out in our 40s but then picking back up as we head into retirement, according to a number of studies. This so-called U-shaped curve of happiness is reassuring but, unfortunately, probably not true.

Why Astronomers Keep Looking For Dark Matter

Why Astronomers Keep Looking For Dark Matter

Scientists know very little about the matter that makes up the galaxies in the Universe. About 20% of the matter in galaxies is visible or baryonic: subatomic particles like protons, neutrons and electrons. The other 80%, referred to as “dark matter”, remains mysterious and unseen. In fact, it may not exist at all. “Dark matter” is just a hypothesis. Physicists and astronomers may be chasing a phantom – but that doesn’t stop us from looking. Why? Because if dark matter isn’t real, then the behaviour of the stars, planets and galaxies makes little sense.