There is no universal drug that directly eliminates the Ebola virus; however, specific treatments and supportive therapies are now available that can drastically reduce mortality if administered early.
Specific therapies:
ZMapp is an experimental biopharmaceutical medication comprising three chimeric monoclonal antibodies, currently under development as a treatment for Ebola virus disease.
ZMapp has not received full FDA approval.
For the Ebola Zaire strain (the most common and lethal), targeted treatments such as Inmazeb and Ebanga (also known as REGN-EB3 and mAb114) have been approved; these work by blocking the virus's proteins.
Other strains: For other viral strains, such as the Bundibugyo ebolavirus, no specific approved therapies yet exist, making intensive supportive care essential.
Intensive supportive care
In clinical settings, the primary focus of treatment is to keep the patient's vital functions stable.
Rehydration: Administration of fluids and mineral salts—either intravenously or orally—to counteract severe dehydration caused by vomiting and diarrhea.
Cardiovascular and respiratory support: Monitoring of blood pressure and oxygenation, along with organ support.
Secondary infections: Prompt use of antibiotics or antimalarials to treat any superimposed infections.
Prevention and vaccines
Vaccination: Approved vaccines (such as Ervebo / rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) are used prophylactically in endemic areas and among healthcare workers to prevent infection with the Ebola Zaire virus.
Ervebo is the first vaccine approved by the FDA for the prevention of disease caused by the Zaire ebolavirus strain in individuals 12 months of age and older.
